My Lands: Black Gem Hunting

I am wanting to know if there is somewhere that covers the math involved in the calculations. I have gone through the Encyclopedia and it is really vague. Is there somewhere that covers just the math involved in the game?

How do I find any or all of these? I go to the encyclopedia first to find answers but it doesn't explain where they are and how to find them. I really need some help with this one.

Appreciate your help,
Thank you
Cheryl